I-physiological hemostasis ingenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuvikela umzimba.Uma isitsha segazi sonakalisiwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka ukwakha ipulaki ye-hemostatic ngokushesha ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa igazi;ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa impendulo ye-hemostatic engxenyeni eyonakele futhi ugcine isimo soketshezi segazi emithanjeni yegazi ehlelekile.Ngakho-ke, i-physiological hemostasis ingumphumela wezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinqubo ezisebenzisanayo ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi enembile.Ngokomtholampilo, izinaliti ezincane zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhoboza i-earlobe noma iminwe ukuze uvumele igazi liphume ngokwemvelo, bese ukala ubude besikhathi sokopha.Lesi sikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokopha (isikhathi sokopha), futhi abantu abavamile abadluli imizuzu engu-9 (indlela yesifanekiso).Ubude besikhathi sokopha bungabonisa isimo somsebenzi we-physiological hemostatic.Lapho umsebenzi we-physiological hemostatic ubuthakathaka, ukuphuma kwegazi kuvame ukwenzeka, futhi izifo ze-hemorrhagic zenzeka;kuyilapho ukusebenza ngokweqile komsebenzi we-physiological hemostatic kungaholela ku-thrombosis ye-pathological.

Inqubo eyisisekelo ye-physiological hemostasis
Inqubo ye-physiological hemostasis ngokuyinhloko ihlanganisa izinqubo ezintathu: i-vasoconstriction, ukwakheka kwe-platelet thrombus kanye ne-blood coagulation.

1 I-Vasoconstriction I-Physiological hemostasis iboniswa okokuqala njengokufinyela komkhumbi wegazi owonakele kanye nemithambo yegazi emincane eseduze, okunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi lendawo futhi kunenzuzo ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukopha.Izimbangela ze-vasoconstriction zihlanganisa lezi zici ezintathu ezilandelayo: ① I-reflex ye-injury stimulus reflex ibangela i-vasoconstriction;② Ukulimala odongeni lwemithambo kubangela ukufinyela kwemithambo yendawo;③ Ama-Platelets abambelela ekukhishweni kokulimala okungu-5-HT, TXA₂, njll. ukuze abophe imithambo yegazi.izinto ezibangela vasoconstriction.

2 Ukwakhiwa kwe-platelet-wise hemostatic thrombus Ngemva kokulimala komkhumbi wegazi, ngenxa yokuchayeka kwe-collagen ye-subendothelial, inani elincane lama-platelet linamathela ku-collagen ye-subendothelial phakathi nemizuzwana engu-1-2, okuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwakheka kwe-hemostatic thrombus.Ngokunamathela kwamaplatelet, indawo yokulimala "ingakhonjwa", ukuze ipulaki ye-hemostatic ibekwe ngendlela efanele.Ama-platelet anamathela aphinde enze kusebenze izindlela zokubonisa i-platelet ukuze enze ama-platelet asebenze futhi akhulule i-ADP engapheli kanye ne-TXA₂, yona eyenza kusebenze amanye ama-platelet egazini, abuthe ama-platelet engeziwe ukuze anamathelane futhi abangele ukuhlangana okungenakuhlehliswa;Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi alimele akhulula i-ADP kanye nendawo I-thrombin ekhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokuhlangana ingenza ama-platelet ageleza eduze kwenxeba anamathele ngokuqhubekayo futhi ahlangane kuma-platelet abambelele futhi agxiliswe ku-subendothelial collagen, futhi ekugcineni akhe ipulaki ye-platelet hemostatic vimba isilonda futhi uthole ukopha kwe-hemostasis yokuqala, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-primary hemostasis (irsthemostasis).I-hemostasis eyinhloko incike ikakhulukazi ku-vasoconstriction kanye nokwakhiwa kwepulaki ye-platelet hemostatic.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa kwe-PGI₂ kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-NO ku-endothelium ye-vascular eyonakele nakho kunenzuzo ekuhlanganisweni kwamaplatelet.

3 Ukujiya kwegazi Imithambo yegazi eyonakele ingenza kusebenze uhlelo lokuhlangana kwegazi, futhi ukujiya kwegazi lendawo kwenzeka ngokushesha, ukuze i-fibrinogen encibilikayo ku-plasma iguqulwe ibe i-fibrin enganyibiliki, futhi ihlanganiswe ibe yinethiwekhi yokuqinisa ipulaki ye-hemostatic, ebizwa ngokuthi yesibili. i-hemostasis (i-hemostasis yesibili) i-hemostasis) (Umfanekiso 3-6).Ekugcineni, izicubu zendawo ezine-fibrous ziyanda futhi zikhule zibe ihlule legazi ukuze kutholakale ukopha okungapheli.

I-physiological hemostasis ihlukaniswe yaba izinqubo ezintathu: i-vasoconstriction, i-platelet thrombus formation, kanye ne-blood coagulation, kodwa lezi zinqubo ezintathu zenzeka ngokulandelana futhi zidlulele komunye nomunye, futhi zihlobene eduze.Ukunamathela kwe-platelet kulula ukufeza kuphela lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kunciphisa i-vasoconstriction;I-S-HT ne-TXA2 ekhishwe ngemva kokuqaliswa kweplatelet ingakhuthaza i-vasoconstriction.Amaplatelet acushiwe ahlinzeka ngendawo ye-phospholipid ukuze kusebenze izici zokuhlangana ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwegazi.Kunezici eziningi zokuhlangana eziboshelwe ebusweni bama-platelet, futhi ama-platelet angaphinda akhulule izici zokuhlangana njenge-fibrinogen, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshise kakhulu inqubo yokuhlangana.I-thrombin ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwegazi ingaqinisa ukusebenza kwamaplatelet.Ukwengeza, ukufinyela kwamahlule ehlule legazi kungabangela ukuba ihlule legazi lihlehle futhi likhiphe i-serum kulo, okwenza ihlule legazi liqine futhi livale ngokuqinile ukuvuleka komkhumbi wegazi.Ngakho-ke, izinqubo ezintathu ze-physiological hemostasis zikhuthazana, ukuze i-hemostasis ye-physiological ingenziwa ngesikhathi futhi ngendlela esheshayo.Ngenxa yokuthi ama-platelet ahlobene eduze nezixhumanisi ezintathu zenqubo ye-physiological hemostasis, ama-platelet adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu enqubweni ye-physiological hemostasis.Isikhathi sokopha siyandiswa lapho ama-platelet encishisiwe noma umsebenzi wehla.