I-Thrombosis kanye ne-hemostasis yimisebenzi ebalulekile yokuphila komzimba womuntu, ehlanganisa imithambo yegazi, ama-platelet, izici zokuhlangana, amaprotheni e-anticoagulant, nezinhlelo ze-fibrinolytic.Ziyisethi yezinhlelo ezilinganiselayo ngokunembile eziqinisekisa ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile emzimbeni womuntu.Ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kokugeleza, ukungachitheki komkhumbi wegazi (ukopha) noma ukuhlangana emithanjeni yegazi (thrombosis).

Indlela ye-thrombosis ne-hemostasis ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezintathu:

I-hemostasis yokuqala ibandakanyeka kakhulu odongeni lomkhumbi, amaseli e-endothelial, namaplatelet.Ngemuva kokulimala komkhumbi, ama-platelet ahlangana ngokushesha ukuze ayeke ukopha.

I-hemostasis yesibili, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-plasma hemostasis, yenza kusebenze uhlelo lokuhlangana ukuze luguqule i-fibrinogen ibe i-fibrin exhumene ne-insoluble cross-linked, eyenza amahlule amakhulu.

I-Fibrinolysis, ephula ihlule le-fibrin futhi ibuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile.

Isinyathelo ngasinye silawulwa ngokunembile ukuze kugcinwe isimo sokulinganisela.Ukukhubazeka kunoma iyiphi isixhumanisi kuzoholela ezifweni ezihlobene.

Izifo zokopha ziyigama elivamile lezifo ezibangelwa izindlela ezingavamile zokuphuma kwegazi.Izifo zokopha zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe izigaba ezimbili: zofuzo nezitholwayo, futhi ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo ikakhulukazi ukopha ezingxenyeni ezihlukene.Iziyaluyalu zokopha ezizalwa nazo, i-hemophilia A evamile (ukuntuleka kwe-coagulation factor VIII), i-hemophilia B (ukuntuleka kwe-coagulation factor IX) kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation okubangelwa ukushoda kwe-fibrinogen;ukutholakala kwezinkinga zokopha, ezivamile Kukhona ukushoda kwe-coagulation factor encike ku-vitamin K, izici ezingavamile ze-coagulation ezibangelwa isifo sesibindi, njll.

Izifo ze-Thromboembolic zihlukaniswa ikakhulukazi zibe yi-arterial thrombosis kanye ne-venous thromboembolism (venousthromboembolism, VTE).I-Arterial thrombosis ivame kakhulu emithanjeni ye-coronary, i-cerebral arteries, i-mesenteric arteries, ne-lemb arteries, njll. Ukuqala kuvame ukuzumayo, futhi ubuhlungu obukhulu bendawo bungase buvele, njenge-angina pectoris, ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu obukhulu emilenzeni, njll. ;kubangelwa izicubu ze-ischemia kanye ne-hypoxia ezingxenyeni ezifanele zokuphakelwa kwegazi Isitho esingajwayelekile, ukwakheka kwezicubu nokusebenza, njenge-myocardial infarction, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukushaqeka kwe-cardiogenic, arrhythmia, ukuphazamiseka kokuqaphela kanye ne-hemiplegia, njll.;Ukuchithwa kwe-thrombus kubangela i-cerebral embolism, i-renal embolism, i-splenic embolism nezinye izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene.I-venous thrombosis iyindlela evame kakhulu ye-deep vein thrombosis emaphethelweni aphansi.Kuvamile emithanjeni ejulile njenge-popliteal vein, i-femoral vein, i-mesenteric vein, kanye ne-portal vein.Ukubonakaliswa okunembile ukuvuvukala kwendawo kanye nokuqina okungahambisani kwamaphethelo aphansi.I-Thromboembolism ibhekisela ekuqoqweni kwe-thrombus endaweni yokwakheka, ukuvimbela ingxenye noma ngokuphelele yeminye imithambo yegazi ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokugeleza kwegazi, okubangela i-ischemia, i-hypoxia, i-necrosis (i-arterial thrombosis) nokuminyana, i-edema (inqubo ye-pathological ye-venous thrombosis) .Ngemva kokuwa kwe-vein thrombosis yomkhawulo ophansi, ingangena emthanjeni we-pulmonary ngokujikeleza kwegazi, futhi kuvela izimpawu nezimpawu ze-pulmonary embolism.Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela i-venous thromboembolism kubaluleke kakhulu.