Izifundo ezimbili ezibalulekile zokuhlanganisa igazi, isikhathi se-thromboplastin esinengxenye esebenzayo (APTT) kanye nesikhathi se-prothrombin (PT), zombili zisiza ekutholeni imbangela yokungajwayelekile kokuhlangana.
Ukugcina igazi lisesimweni soketshezi，Umzimba kufanele wenze isenzo sokulinganisa esibucayi.Igazi elijikelezayo linezingxenye ezimbili zegazi, i-procoagulant, ekhuthaza ukuhlangana kwegazi, kanye ne-anticoagulant, evimbela ukuhlangana, ukugcina ukugeleza kwegazi.Kodwa-ke, lapho isitsha segazi sonakalisiwe futhi ibhalansi iphazamiseka, i-procoagulant iqoqa endaweni eyonakele futhi i-clotting yegazi iqala.Inqubo ye-blood coagulation iyisixhumanisi-by-link, futhi ingenziwa isebenze yinoma yiziphi izinhlelo ezimbili zokuhlanganisa ngokuhambisana, ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle.Isistimu ye-endogenous iyasebenza lapho igazi lithinta i-collagen noma i-endothelium eyonakele.Uhlelo lwangaphandle lusebenza lapho izicubu ezilimele zikhipha izinto ezithile zokuhlangana njenge-thromboplastin.Umzila wokugcina ovamile wamasistimu amabili aholela ku-condensation apex.Uma le nqubo yokuhlanganisa, nakuba ibonakala isheshayo, ukuhlolwa okubalulekile okubili okuyinhloko, isikhathi se-thromboplastin esisebenzayo esisebenzayo (APTT) nesikhathi se-prothrombin (PT), singenziwa.Ukwenza lezi zivivinyo kusiza ekuxilongeni okukhulu kwakho konke ukungahambi kahle kwe-coagulation.

 

1. Ibonisani i-APTT?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-APTT kuhlola izindlela ezingapheli nezivamile zokuhlanganisa.Ngokuqondile, ikala ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi isampula legazi lakhe ihlule le-fibrin ngokungezwa kwento esebenzayo (i-calcium) nama-phospholipids.Ukuzwela kakhulu futhi kuyashesha kunesikhathi se-thromboplastin esiyingxenye.I-APTT ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukwelashwa nge-violet yesibindi.

Ilabhorethri ngayinye inevelu yayo evamile ye-APTT, kodwa ngokuvamile isukela kumasekhondi ayi-16 kuye kwangama-40.Isikhathi eside singase sibonise ukunganeli kwesizinda sesine se-endogenous pathway, i-Xia noma isici, noma i-factor entula I, V noma i-X yendlela evamile.Iziguli ezinokuntuleka kwe-vitamin K, isifo sesibindi, noma i-coagulopathy esabalalisiwe ye-intravascular izokwandisa i-APTT.Izidakamizwa ezithile—ama-antibiotic, ama-anticoagulant, izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa, noma i-aspirin nazo zingandisa i-APTT.

Ukuncipha kwe-APTT kungabangelwa ukopha okukhulu, izilonda ezibanzi (ngaphandle komdlavuza wesibindi) kanye nokwelashwa okuthile kwezidakamizwa okuhlanganisa ama-antihistamine, ama-antacid, amalungiselelo e-digitalis, njll.

2. I-PT ibonisani?

I-PT assay ihlola izindlela zokujiyisa zangaphandle nezivamile.Ukuqapha ukwelashwa ngama-anticoagulants.Lokhu kuhlola kukala isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze i-plasma ihlule ngemva kokwengezwa kwesici sethishu ne-calcium kusampula yegazi.Ibanga elijwayelekile elijwayelekile le-PT yimizuzwana eyi-11 ukuya kweyi-16.Ukwelulwa kwe-PT kungase kubonise ukuntuleka kwe-thrombin profibrinogen noma i-factor V, W noma i-X.

Iziguli ezinokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukudla imifino enamahlamvu aluhlaza, utshwala noma imithi elwa namagciwane yesikhathi eside, ama-antihypertensives, ama-anticoagulant omlomo, izidakamizwa, kanye nemithamo emikhulu ye-aspirin nakho kungandisa i-PT.I-PT yezinga eliphansi nayo ingabangelwa ama-antihistamine barbiturates, ama-antacid, noma uvithamini K.

Uma i-PT yesiguli idlula imizuzwana engu-40, kuzodingeka uvithamini K noma i-plasma eqandisiwe esanda kumiswa.Hlola ukopha kwesiguli ngezikhathi ezithile, uhlole isimo saso semizwa, futhi uhlole igazi elisebenzelana nemimoya emchamweni nasendle.

 

3. Chaza imiphumela

Isiguli esine-coagulation engavamile ngokuvamile sidinga ukuhlolwa okubili, i-APTT ne-PT, futhi sizodinga ukuthi uhumushe le miphumela, uphumelele lezi zivivinyo zesikhathi, futhi ekugcineni uhlele ukwelashwa kwaso.