1. Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT):

I-PT ibhekisela esikhathini esidingekayo ukuze kuguqulwe i-prothrombin ibe yi-thrombin, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni kwe-plasma, okubonisa umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa wendlela yokuhlangana yangaphandle.I-PT inqunywa ngokuyinhloko amazinga we-coagulation factor I, II, V, VII, no-X ahlanganiswe isibindi.Isici esibalulekile sokuhlangana ku-extrinsic coagulation pathway i-factor VII, eyenza inkimbinkimbi ye-FVIIa-TF ene-tissue factor (TF)., eqala inqubo ye-coagulation yangaphandle.I-PT yabesifazane abakhulelwe abavamile imfushane kunaleyo yabesifazane abangakhulelwe.Uma izici X, V, II noma I zehla, i-PT inganwetshwa.I-PT ayizwelani nokuntuleka kwesici esisodwa se-coagulation.I-PT inwetshwa kakhulu uma ukugcwala kwe-prothrombin kwehla ngaphansi kwama-20% wezinga elijwayelekile futhi izici V, VII, no-X zehla ngaphansi kwama-35% wezinga elijwayelekile.I-PT yande kakhulu ngaphandle kokubangela ukopha okungavamile.Isikhathi esifushane se-prothrombin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sibonakala esifweni se-thromboembolic kanye ne-hypercoagulable states.Uma i-PT iyinde ngama-3 s kunokulawula okuvamile, ukuxilongwa kwe-DIC kufanele kucatshangelwe.

2. Isikhathi se-Thrombin:

Isikhathi se-Thrombin yisikhathi sokuguqulwa kwe-fibrinogen ibe yi-fibrin, engabonisa ikhwalithi nenani le-fibrinogen egazini.Isikhathi se-Thrombin sifinyezwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abavamile uma kuqhathaniswa nabangakhulelwe.Azikho izinguquko ezibalulekile ngesikhathi se-thrombin phakathi nokukhulelwa.Isikhathi se-Thrombin futhi siyipharamitha ebucayi yemikhiqizo yokuwohloka kwe-fibrin kanye nezinguquko ohlelweni lwe-fibrinolytic.Nakuba isikhathi se-thrombin sifinyezwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinguquko phakathi kwezikhathi ezihlukene zokukhulelwa azibalulekile, okubonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-fibrinolytic ekukhulelweni okujwayelekile kuyathuthukiswa., ukulinganisela nokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-coagulation.U-Wang Li et al[6] wenze ucwaningo lokuqhathanisa phakathi kwabesifazane abajwayelekile abakhulelwe nabangakhulelwe.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesikhathi se-thrombin yeqembu labesifazane abakhulelwe sekwephuzile yayimfushane kakhulu kunaleyo yeqembu elilawulayo kanye namaqembu okukhulelwa okuqala naphakathi, okubonisa ukuthi inkomba yesikhathi se-thrombin eqenjini lokukhulelwa sekwephuzile yayiphezulu kunaleyo ye-PT futhi i-activated partial thromboplastin.Isikhathi (isikhathi se-thromboplastin esiyingxenye esicushiwe, i-APTT) sizwela kakhulu.

3. I-APTT:

Isikhathi esicushiwe se-thromboplastin esiyingxenye sisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola izinguquko emsebenzini wokuhlangana wendlela ye-intrinsic coagulation.Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-physiological, izici eziyinhloko zokuhlanganisa ezihilelekile endleleni ye-intrinsic coagulation yi-XI, XII, VIII kanye ne-VI, okuyi-coagulation factor XII iyisici esibalulekile kule ndlela.I-XI ne-XII, i-prokallikrein ne-excitogen yesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu ngokuhlanganyela iqhaza esigabeni sokuxhumana sokuhlangana.Ngemuva kokwenziwa kusebenze kwesigaba sokuxhumana, i-XI ne-XII icushwa ngokulandelana, ngaleyo ndlela kuqalwa indlela yokuhlanganisa endogenous.Imibiko yezincwadi ibonisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abangakhulelwe, isikhathi se-thromboplastin esiyingxenye esicushiwe ekukhulelweni okujwayelekile sifinyezwa phakathi nokukhulelwa, futhi i-trimester yesibili neyesithathu iba mfushane kakhulu kunaleyo esesigabeni sokuqala.Nakuba ekukhulelweni okuvamile, izici ze-coagulation XII, VIII, X, kanye ne-XI zikhuphuka ngokuhambisana nokwanda kwamasonto okukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngoba i-coagulation factor XI ingase ingashintshi ku-trimester yesibili neyesithathu yokukhulelwa, wonke umsebenzi we-endogenous coagulation Phakathi nendawo. nokukhulelwa sekwephuzile, izinguquko zazingabonakali.

4. I-Fibrinogen (Fg):

Njenge-glycoprotein, yakha i-peptide A ne-peptide B ngaphansi kwe-thrombin hydrolysis, futhi ekugcineni yakha i-fibrin engancibilikiyo ukuze imise ukopha.I-Fg idlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuhlanganiswa kweplatelet.Lapho ama-platelet esebenza, i-fibrinogen receptor GP Ib / IIIa yakheka kulwelwesi, futhi ama-platelet aggregates akhiwa ngokuxhunywa kwe-Fg, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwa i-thrombus.Ukwengeza, njengeprotheni esebenzayo, ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-plasma ye-Fg kubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukusabela kokuvuvukala emithanjeni yegazi, okungathinta i-rheology yegazi futhi kuyisici esiyinhloko se-viscosity ye-plasma.Ibamba iqhaza ngokuqondile ku-coagulation futhi ithuthukise ukuhlangana kweplatelet.Lapho i-preeclampsia yenzeka, amazinga e-Fg akhuphuka kakhulu, futhi lapho umsebenzi wokuhlangana komzimba uncishiswa, amazinga e-Fg agcina ehla.Inani elikhulu lezifundo ezibuyela emuva libonise ukuthi izinga le-Fg ngesikhathi sokungena ekamelweni lokubeletha liyinkomba enengqondo kakhulu yokubikezela ukuvela kokuphuma kwegazi ngemva kokubeletha.Inani elihle lokubikezela lingu-100% [7].Ku-trimester yesithathu, i-plasma Fg ngokuvamile iba ngu-3 kuya ku-6 g/L.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-coagulation, i-plasma Fg ephezulu ivimbela i-hypofibrinemia yomtholampilo.Kuphela uma i-plasma Fg>1.5 g/L ingaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kokuhlangana, lapho i-plasma Fg<1.5 g/L, futhi ezimeni ezinzima Fg<1 g/L, ukunakwa kufanele kunakwe engcupheni ye-DIC, futhi ukubuyekezwa okunamandla kufanele kube kwenziwe.Ngokugxila ekushintsheni kwe-bidirectional ye-Fg, okuqukethwe kwe-Fg kuhlobene nomsebenzi we-thrombin futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuhlanganiswa kweplatelet.Ezimweni ezine-Fg ephakeme, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuhlolweni kwezinkomba ezihlobene ne-hypercoagulability kanye nama-antibodies autoimmune [8].U-Gao Xiaoli kanye no-Niu Xiumin[9] baqhathanisa okuqukethwe kwe-plasma Fg kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe abavamile, futhi bathola ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-Fg kwakuhlobene kahle nomsebenzi we-thrombin.Kukhona ukuthambekela kwe-thrombosis.