I-hemostasis yomzimba womntu yenziwe ikakhulu ngamacandelo amathathu:

1. Ukuxinezeleka komthambo wegazi ngokwawo 2. IiPlatelets zenza i-embolus 3. Ukuqaliswa kwezinto ezidibanisayo

Xa senzakala, sonakalisa imithambo yegazi engaphantsi kolusu, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba igazi lingene kwizicwili zethu, yenze inxeba xa ulusu lungelulo, okanye lophe xa ulusu lophukile.Ngeli xesha, umzimba uya kuqala inkqubo hemostatic.

Okokuqala, imithwalo yegazi iyancipha, inciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi

Okwesibini, iiplatelet ziqala ukuhlangana.Xa isitya segazi sonakalisiwe, i-collagen ibonakala.I-Collagen itsala iiplatelet kwindawo eyonzakeleyo, kwaye iiplatelet zinamathelana zenze iplagi.Bakha ngokukhawuleza umqobo osithintela ukopha kakhulu.

I-Fibrin iyaqhubeka idibanisa, ivumela iiplatelet ukuba zidibanise ngokuqinileyo.Ekugqibeleni ihlwili legazi liyabumba, lithintele igazi elingakumbi ekuphumeni emzimbeni kwaye linqanda iintsholongwane ezimbi ukuba zingangeni emzimbeni wethu ngaphandle.Ngexesha elifanayo, indlela yokudibanisa emzimbeni iyasebenza.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zamajelo angaphandle nangaphakathi.

Indlela ye-extrinsic coagulation: Iqaliswe ngokuvezwa kwezicubu ezonakalisiweyo kuqhagamshelwano lwegazi kunye ne-factor III.Xa umonakalo we-tissue kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi, i-factor III eveziweyo yenza i-complex kunye ne-Ca2 + kunye ne-VII kwi-plasma ukuze isebenze i-X.

Indlela ye-Intrinsic coagulation: iqaliswe ngokusebenza kwe-factor XII.Xa isitya segazi sonakalisiwe kwaye i-subntimal collagen fibers ibonakaliswe, inokuthi isebenze Ⅻ ukuya ku-Ⅻa, kwaye emva koko isebenze Ⅺ ukuya ku-Ⅺa.I-Ⅺa isebenze i-Ⅸa phambi kwe-Ca2+, kwaye emva koko i-Ⅸa yenza i-complex ene-activated Ⅷa, PF3, kunye ne-Ca2 + ukuze iqhube phambili isebenze i-X. Izinto ezibandakanyekayo kwi-coagulation yegazi kwinkqubo ekhankanywe ngasentla zikhona zonke kwi-plasma yegazi kwimithambo yegazi. , ngoko ke zithiywa njengeyona ndlela yokudibanisa igazi.

Lo mbandela unendima ephambili kwi-coagulation cascade ngenxa yokudibanisa iindlela ezimbini kwinqanaba le-X Factor X kunye ne-factor V isebenze i-inactive factor II (prothrombin) kwi-plasma kwi-factor factor IIa, (thrombin) .Ezi zixa zikhulu ze-thrombin zikhokelela ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kweeplatelet kunye nokwakhiwa kweefibers.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-thrombin, i-fibrinogen echithwe kwi-plasma iguqulwa ibe yi-fibrin monomers;kwangaxeshanye, i-thrombin ivula i-XIII ukuya kwi-XIIIa, yenza ii-fibrin monomers Imizimba ye-fibrin idibanisa enye kwenye ukuze yenze iipolymers zefibrin ezinganyibilikiyo ngamanzi, kwaye zithungelana zibe kuthungelwano lokuvala iiseli zegazi, zenze amahlwili egazi, kwaye zigqibezele ukujija kwegazi. inkqubo.Le thrombus ekugqibeleni yenza ukhwekhwe olukhusela inxeba njengoko linyuka kwaye lenze umaleko omtsha wolusu ngaphantsi kweePlatelets kunye nefibrin zisebenza kuphela xa umthambo wegazi ugqabhukile kwaye utyhilekile, okuthetha ukuba kwimithambo yegazi eqhelekileyo esempilweni azikhokeli ngokungenamkhethe. amahlwili.

Kodwa kwakhona kubonisa ukuba ukuba imithambo yakho yegazi igqabhuka ngenxa yokubekwa kwe-plaque, iya kubangela ukuba inani elikhulu leeplatelet liqokelele, kwaye ekugqibeleni lenze inani elikhulu le-thrombus ukuvala imithambo yegazi.Oku kukwayindlela ye-pathophysiological ye-coronary heart disease, i-myocardial infarction, kunye ne-stroke.