I-Thrombosis kunye ne-hemostasis yimisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-physiological yomzimba womntu, ebandakanya imithambo yegazi, iiplatelets, i-coagulation factor, i-anticoagulant proteins, kunye neenkqubo ze-fibrinolytic.Ziyisethi yeenkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo eziqinisekisa ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhelekileyo kumzimba womntu.Ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo kokuhamba, ukungachitheki ngaphandle komthambo wegazi (i-hemorrhage) okanye i-coagulation kwi-blood vessel (thrombosis).

Indlela ye-thrombosis kunye ne-hemostasis idla ngokwahlulahlulwe ngamanyathelo amathathu:

I-hemostasis yokuqala ibandakanyeka kakhulu kudonga lwenqanawa, iiseli ze-endothelial, kunye neeplatelet.Emva kokulimala kwesitya, iiplatelet ziqokelelana ngokukhawuleza ukuze ziyeke ukopha.

I-hemostasis yesibini, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-plasma hemostasis, ivula inkqubo yokudibanisa ukuguqula i-fibrinogen ibe yi-fibrin edibeneyo edibeneyo, eyenza amahlwili amakhulu.

I-Fibrinolysis, ephula ihlwili ye-fibrin kwaye ibuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhelekileyo.

Inyathelo ngalinye lilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ukugcina imeko yokulinganisela.Iziphene kuyo nayiphi na ikhonkco iya kukhokelela kwizifo ezinxulumene nazo.

Iziphazamiso zokopha ligama eliqhelekileyo lezifo ezibangelwa ziindlela ezingaqhelekanga ze-hemostasis.Iziphazamiso zokopha zinokwahlulwa ngokwezigaba zibe zimbini: imfuzo kunye nefunyenweyo, kwaye ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi kukopha ikakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.Ukuphazamiseka kokuphuma kwegazi, i-hemophilia eqhelekileyo A (ukusilela kwe-coagulation factor VIII), i-hemophilia B (ukungabikho kwe-coagulation factor IX) kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwe-coagulation okubangelwa ukungabikho kwe-fibrinogen;ukufumana ukuphazamiseka okophayo, okuqhelekileyo Kukho i-vitamin K exhomekeke kwi-coagulation factor deficiency, izinto ezingaqhelekanga ze-coagulation ezibangelwa sisifo sesibindi, njl.

Izifo ze-Thromboembolic zihlulwe kakhulu kwi-arterial thrombosis kunye ne-venous thromboembolism (i-venousthromboembolism, i-VTE).I-Arterial thrombosis ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-coronary arteries, i-cerebral arteries, i-mesenteric arteries, kunye ne-arteries yamalungu, njl. ;kubangelwa yi-tissue ischemia kunye ne-hypoxia kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zokunikezelwa kwegazi Ilungu elingaqhelekanga, ukwakheka kwezicubu kunye nomsebenzi, njenge-myocardial infarction, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-cardiogenic, i-arrhythmia, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye ne-hemiplegia, njl.;Ukuchithwa kwe-thrombus kubangela i-cerebral embolism, i-renal embolism, i-splenic embolism kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nazo.I-venous thrombosis yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo ye-vein thrombosis enzulu kwiindawo ezisezantsi.Iqhelekile kwimithambo enzulu efana ne-popliteal vein, i-femoral vein, i-mesenteric vein, kunye ne-portal vein.Ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kukuvuvukala kwendawo kunye nobukhulu obungahambelaniyo beendawo ezisezantsi.I-Thromboembolism ibhekisela kwi-detachment ye-thrombus ukusuka kwindawo yokubunjwa, ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo ukuvala imithambo yegazi ethile ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhamba kunye nokuhamba kwegazi, okubangela i-ischemia, i-hypoxia, i-necrosis (i-arterial thrombosis) kunye nokuxinana, i-edema ( inkqubo ye-pathological of thrombosis ye-venous). .Emva kokuba i-thrombosis enzulu ye-vein thrombosis yecala elisezantsi iwa, inokungena kwi-pulmonary artery kunye nokujikeleza kwegazi, kwaye iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-pulmonary embolism zivela.Ke ngoko, ukuthintela i-venous thromboembolism kubaluleke kakhulu.