1. Ixesha leProthrombin (PT)

Ibonisa ubukhulu becala imeko ye-exogenous coagulation system, apho i-INR ihlala isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwi-anticoagulants yomlomo.I-PT isalathisi esibalulekileyo sokuxilongwa kwe-prethrombotic state, i-DIC kunye nesifo sesibindi.Isetyenziswa njengovavanyo lokuhlola inkqubo ye-exogenous coagulation kwaye ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwedosi yonyango yomlomo ye-anticoagulation.

I-PTA <40% ibonisa i-necrosis enkulu yeeseli zesibindi kunye nokunciphisa i-synthesis ye-coagulation factor.Umzekelo, 30%

Ukolulwa kubonwa kwi:

a.Ukulimala okukhulu kunye nokubi kwesibindi kubangelwa ikakhulu kwisizukulwana seprothrombin kunye nezinto ezinxulumene ne-clotting.

b.I-VitK enganeleyo, i-VitK iyadingeka ukudibanisa izinto ze-II, VII, IX, kunye ne-X. Xa i-VitK inganeleyo, imveliso iyancipha kwaye ixesha leprothrombin lide.Ikwabonwa nakwi-obstructive jaundice.

C. DIC (i-diffuse intravascular coagulation), edla ubuninzi bezinto zokudibanisa ngenxa ye-microvascular thrombosis ebanzi.

d.I-neonatal spontaneous hemorrhage, i-prothrombin yokuzalwa yokungabikho konyango lwe-anticoagulant.

Yenza mfutshane ibonwe kwi:

Xa igazi likwimeko ye-hypercoagulable (njenge-DIC yokuqala, i-myocardial infarction), izifo ze-thrombotic (ezifana ne-cerebral thrombosis), njl.

 

2. Ixesha le-Thrombin (TT)

Ikakhulu ibonisa ixesha apho i-fibrinogen ijika ibe yifibrin.

Ukwandiswa kwexesha kubonwa: ukunyuka kwe-heparin okanye izinto ze-heparinoid, ukwanda komsebenzi we-AT-III, inani elingaqhelekanga kunye nomgangatho we-fibrinogen.Isigaba se-DIC hyperfibrinolysis, i-low (akukho) i-fibrinogenemia, i-hemoglobinemia engaqhelekanga, i-blood fibrin (proto) iimveliso zokuthotywa (FDPs) zanda.

Ukunciphisa akukho kubaluleka kweklinikhi.

 

3. Ixesha elisebenzayo le-thromboplastin (APTT)

Ikakhulu ibonisa imeko ye-endogenous coagulation system kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwidosi ye-heparin.Ukubonakalisa amanqanaba e-coagulation factor VIII, IX, XI, XII kwi-plasma, luvavanyo lokuhlola inkqubo ye-coagulation engapheliyo.I-APTT iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukujonga unyango lwe-heparin anticoagulation.

Ukolulwa kubonwa kwi:

a.Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezidibanisayo VIII, IX, XI, XII:

b.I-Coagulation factor II, V, X kunye nokunciphisa i-fibrinogen abambalwa;

C. Kukho izinto ze-anticoagulant ezifana ne-heparin;

d, iimveliso zokuthotywa kwe-fibrinogen zanda;e, DIC.

Yenza mfutshane ibonwe kwi:

Isimo se-Hypercoagulable: Ukuba i-procoagulant substance ingena egazini kwaye umsebenzi we-coagulation factor uyanda, njl.

 

4.I-Plasma fibrinogen (FIB)

Ikakhulu ibonisa umxholo we-fibrinogen.I-Plasma fibrinogen yiprotheni ye-coagulation enomxholo ophezulu kuzo zonke izinto ezidibeneyo, kwaye yinto enzima yokuphendula isigaba.

Ukwanda kubonakala: ukutshisa, isifo seswekile, usulelo olubukhali, isifo sephepha, umhlaza, i-endocarditis yebhaktiriya, ukukhulelwa, inyumoniya, i-cholecystitis, i-pericarditis, i-sepsis, i-nephrotic syndrome, i-uremia, i-acute myocardial infarction.

Ukunciphisa okubonwayo kwi: I-Congenital fibrinogen engaqhelekanga, i-DIC ichitha isigaba se-hypocoagulation, i-fibrinolysis ephambili, i-hepatitis enzima, i-cirrhosis yesibindi.

 

5.I-D-Dimer (D-Dimer)

Ikakhulu ibonisa umsebenzi we-fibrinolysis kwaye isalathisi sokumisela ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-thrombosis kunye ne-fibrinolysis yesibini emzimbeni.

I-D-dimer yimveliso ethile yokuthotywa kwe-fibrin edibeneyo, eyandisa kwi-plasma kuphela emva kwe-thrombosis, ngoko ke i-molecular marker ebalulekileyo yokuxilongwa kwe-thrombosis.

I-D-dimer inyuke kakhulu kwi-secondary fibrinolysis hyperactivity, kodwa ayinyuswanga kwi-primary fibrinolysis hyperactivity, nto leyo isalathisi esibalulekileyo sokwahlula ezimbini.

Ukwanda kubonakala kwizifo ezifana ne-vein thrombosis enzulu, i-pulmonary embolism, kunye ne-DIC yesibini ye-hyperfibrinolysis.