Izifundo ezimbini eziphambili ze-blood coagulation, i-activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) kunye nexesha le-prothrombin (PT), zombini zinceda ukufumanisa unobangela wokungahambi kakuhle kwe-coagulation.
Ukugcina igazi likwimo yolwelo，Umzimba kufuneka wenze isenzo esibuthathaka sokulinganisa.Igazi elijikelezayo liqulethe iinxalenye ezimbini zegazi, i-procoagulant, ekhuthaza ukudibanisa kwegazi, kunye ne-anticoagulant, evimbela ukudibanisa, ukugcina ukuhamba kwegazi.Nangona kunjalo, xa isitya segazi sonakalisiwe kwaye ibhalansi iphazamisekile, i-procoagulant iqokelela kwindawo eyonakalisiweyo kwaye i-clotting yegazi iqala.Inkqubo ye-blood coagulation yi-link-by-link, kwaye inokuthi isebenze yiyiphi na inkqubo ye-coagulation ezimbini ngokuhambelana, ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle.Inkqubo engapheliyo iyasebenza xa igazi lidibanisa i-collagen okanye i-endothelium eyonakele.Inkqubo yangaphandle iyasebenza xa izicubu ezonakalisiweyo zikhupha izinto ezithile zokudibanisa ezifana ne-thromboplastin.Indlela yokugqibela eqhelekileyo yeenkqubo ezimbini ezikhokelela kwi-condensation apex.Xa le nkqubo ye-coagulation, nangona ibonakala ngokukhawuleza, iimvavanyo ezimbini eziphambili zokuxilonga, i-activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) kunye nexesha leprothrombin (PT), inokwenziwa.Ukwenza olu mvavanyo kunceda ukwenza uxilongo olubonakalayo lwazo zonke iziphazamiso ze-coagulation.

 

1. Ibonisa ntoni i-APTT?

Uvavanyo lwe-APTT luvavanya iindlela ze-coagulation ezingapheliyo kunye neziqhelekileyo.Ngokukodwa, ilinganisa ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba isampuli yegazi yenze i-fibrin clot kunye nokongezwa kwento esebenzayo (i-calcium) kunye ne-phospholipids.Ubuthathaka ngakumbi kwaye ngokukhawuleza kunexesha le-thromboplastin.I-APTT isoloko isetyenziselwa ukujonga unyango nge-violet yesibindi.

Ilabhoratri nganye inexabiso layo eliqhelekileyo le-APTT, kodwa ngokubanzi iqala kwi-16 ukuya kwimizuzwana engama-40.Ixesha elide lingabonisa ukungoneli kwesizinda sesine sendlela engapheliyo, i-Xia okanye i-factor, okanye i-factor deficient factor I, V okanye i-X yendlela eqhelekileyo.Izigulane ezine-vitamin K ezinqongopheleyo, isifo sesibindi, okanye i-intravascular coagulopathy esasazwayo iyakwandisa i-APTT.Amachiza athile—amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amayeza okulwa nomhlaza, iinarcotics, iinarcotics, okanye i-aspirin nawo anokwandisa ixesha le-APTT.

Ukuncipha kwe-APTT kunokubangela ukopha okukhulu, izilonda ezibanzi (ngaphandle komhlaza wesibindi) kunye nonyango oluthile lweziyobisi olubandakanya i-antihistamines, i-antacids, amalungiselelo e-digitalis, njl.

2. Ibonisa ntoni i-PT?

Uvavanyo lwe-PT luvavanya iindlela zokujiyisa zangaphandle kunye neziqhelekileyo.Ukubeka iliso unyango kunye ne-anticoagulants.Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ixesha elithathayo ukuze iplasma ihlule emva kokongezwa kwe-tissue factor kunye ne-calcium kwisampulu yegazi.Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-PT yi-11 ukuya kwi-16 imizuzwana.Ukwandiswa kwe-PT kungabonisa ukusilela kwe-thrombin profibrinogen okanye i-factor V, W okanye i-X.

Izigulana ezinokugabha, urhudo, ukutya imifuno enamagqabi aluhlaza, utywala okanye unyango lwexesha elide lokubulala iintsholongwane, i-antihypertensives, i-oral anticoagulants, i-narcotics, kunye needosi ezinkulu ze-aspirin nazo zinokuyandisa i-PT.I-PT yezinga eliphantsi inokubangelwa yi-antihistamine barbiturates, ii-antacids, okanye i-vitamin K.

Ukuba i-PT yesigulana idlula imizuzwana ye-40, i-vitamin K ye-intramuscular okanye i-plasma efriziwe eyomileyo iya kufuneka.Maxa wambi jonga ukopha kwesigulana, ujonge imeko yemithambo-luvo yakhe, uze wenze uvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi kumchamo nakwilindle.

 

3. Cacisa iziphumo

Isigulana esine-coagulation engaqhelekanga sidla ngokufuna iimvavanyo ezimbini, i-APTT kunye ne-PT, kwaye uya kufuna ukuba utolike ezi ziphumo, uphumelele ezi mvavanyo zexesha, kwaye ekugqibeleni ulungiselele unyango lwakhe.