Hemostasis ea 'mele oa motho e entsoe haholo ka likarolo tse tharo:

1. Khatello ea mali ka boeona 2. Liplatelete li theha embolus 3. Ho qala ha coagulation factor

Ha re tsoa likotsi, re senya methapo ea mali e ka tlas’a letlalo, e leng se ka etsang hore mali a kene ka har’a lisele tsa rōna, a ba le leqeba haeba letlalo le ntse le tiile, kapa ho tsoa mali haeba letlalo le robehile.Ka nako ena, 'mele o tla qala mochine oa hemostatic.

Ntlha ea pele, methapo ea mali e kokobetsa, e fokotsa phallo ea mali

Ea bobeli, liplatelete li qala ho kopana.Ha sekepe sa mali se senyehile, collagen e pepesoa.Collagen e hohela liplatelete sebakeng se lemetseng, 'me liplatelete li khomarelana ho etsa polaka.Ka potlako ba haha ​​lepheko le re thibelang ho tsoa mali haholo.

Fibrin e tsoela pele ho khomarela, e lumellang liplatelete hore li kopane ka thata haholoanyane.Qetellong leqeba la mali lea hlaha, le thibela mali a mangata ho tsoa 'meleng hape le thibela likokoana-hloko tse mpe ho kena' meleng oa rona ho tsoa ka ntle.Ka nako e ts'oanang, tsela ea coagulation 'meleng e boetse e sebetsa.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea litsela tse ka ntle le tse ka hare.

Extrinsic coagulation pathway: E qalisoa ka ho pepesehela lisele tse senyehileng ho kopana le mali le factor III.Ha tšenyo ea lisele le ho phatloha ha methapo ea mali, ntho e pepeneneng ea III e etsa motsoako o rarahaneng o nang le Ca2 + le VII ka plasma ho etsa hore ntlha X. Hobane ntlha ea III e qalang ts'ebetso ena e tsoa ho lisele tse ka ntle ho methapo ea mali, e bitsoa extrinsic coagulation pathway.

Intrinsic coagulation pathway: e qalileng ke ts'ebetso ea factor XII.Ha sekepe sa mali se senyehile 'me li-fibers tse nyenyane tsa collagen li pepesitsoe, li ka kenya Ⅻ ho Ⅻa, ebe li kenya Ⅺ ho Ⅺa.Ⅺa e kenya tshebetsong Ⅸa boteng ba Ca2+, ebe Ⅸa e etsa motswako o nang le Ⅷa, PF3, le Ca2+ e butsoitseng ho tswela pele ho kenya tshebetsong X. Lintlha tse amanang le ho kopanya ha mali ts'ebetsong e boletsoeng ka holimo kaofela li teng plasma ea mali methapong ea mali. , kahoo li bitsoa e le mokhoa oa ho kopanya mali.

Ntho ena e na le karolo ea bohlokoa ho coagulation cascade ka lebaka la ho kopana ha litsela tse peli boemong ba factor X Factor X le factor V e kenya ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng ea II (prothrombin) ka plasma ho factor IIa, (thrombin) .Bongata bona ba thrombin bo lebisa ts'ebetsong e tsoelang pele ea liplatelete le ho theha likhoele.Tlas'a ketso ea thrombin, fibrinogen e qhibilihisitsoeng ka plasma e fetoloa ho fibrin monomers;ka nako e ts'oanang, thrombin e kenya tšebetsong XIII ho XIIIa, e etsa li-fibrin monomers Mele ea fibrin e hokahana ho etsa li-polymers tsa fibrin tse sa keneng ka metsing, ebe li lohellana ka marang-rang ho koala lisele tsa mali, ho etsa maqeba a mali, le ho phethela ho kopana ha mali. tshebetso.Qetellong thrombus ena e etsa lekhopho le sireletsang leqeba ha le ntse le phahama 'me le etsa lesela le lecha la letlalo ka tlas'a Platelets le fibrin li kenngoa feela ha mothapo oa mali o phunyeha 'me o pepesehile, ho bolelang hore methapong ea mali e tloaelehileng e phetseng hantle ha e lebise ho eona. maqeba.

Empa e boetse e bontša hore haeba methapo ea hau ea mali e phatloha ka lebaka la ho kenngoa ha plaque, e tla etsa hore palo e kholo ea liplatelete li bokelle, 'me qetellong e thehe palo e kholo ea thrombus ho thibela methapo ea mali.Hona hape ke mokhoa oa pathophysiological oa lefu la pelo, myocardial infarction, le stroke.