1. Nako ea Prothrombin (PT):

PT e bolela nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa phetoho ea prothrombin hore e be thrombin, e lebisang ho plasma coagulation, e bontšang mosebetsi oa ho kopanya ha tsela ea ka ntle ea coagulation.PT e khethoa haholo ke maemo a coagulation factor I, II, V, VII, le X tse entsoeng ke sebete.Ntho e ka sehloohong ea coagulation tseleng ea extrinsic coagulation ke factor VII, e etsang FVIIa-TF complex with tissue factor (TF)., e qalang ts'ebetso ea extrinsic coagulation.PT ea bakhachane ba tloaelehileng e khutšoanyane ho feta ea basali ba sa imang.Ha lintlha X, V, II kapa I li fokotseha, PT e ka lelefala.PT ha e tsotelle ho haella ha ntho e le 'ngoe ea coagulation.PT e lelefalitsoe haholo ha mahloriso a prothrombin a theoha ka tlase ho 20% ea boemo bo tloaelehileng le lintlha tsa V, VII, le X li oela ka tlase ho 35% ea boemo bo tloaelehileng.PT e ile ea lelefala haholo ntle le ho baka mali a sa tloaelehang.Nako e khuts'oane ea prothrombin nakong ea bokhachane e bonoa ka lefu la thromboembolic le maemo a hypercoagulable.Haeba PT e bolelele ba 3 s ho feta taolo e tloaelehileng, tlhahlobo ea DIC e lokela ho nahanoa.

2. Nako ea Thrombin:

Nako ea Thrombin ke nako ea phetoho ea fibrinogen ho fibrin, e ka bontšang boleng le bongata ba fibrinogen maling.Nako ea thrombin e khutsufalitsoe ho basali ba tloaelehileng ba baimana ha ba bapisoa le ba sa imang.Ho ne ho se na liphetoho tse kholo nakong ea thrombin nakong eohle ea bokhachane.Nako ea Thrombin e boetse ke parameter e hlokolosi bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa ho senyeha ha fibrin le liphetoho tsamaisong ea fibrinolytic.Le hoja nako ea thrombin e khutsufatsoa nakong ea bokhachane, liphetoho pakeng tsa linako tse fapaneng tsa bokhachane ha li bohlokoa, e leng se bontšang hape hore ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea fibrinolytic nakong ea bokhachane bo tloaelehileng e ntlafatsoa., ho leka-lekanya le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea coagulation.Wang Li et al [6] ba entse boithuto ba papiso lipakeng tsa bakhachane ba tloaelehileng le ba sa ima.Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea nako ea thrombin tsa sehlopha sa basali ba baimana ba morao li ne li le khuts'oane haholo ho feta tsa sehlopha sa taolo le lihlopha tsa pele le tsa bohareng ba bokhachane, e leng se bontšang hore index ea nako ea thrombin nakong ea bokhachane ba morao e ne e phahame ho feta ea PT le ho kenya tšebetsong karolo ea thromboplastin.Nako (nako e kentsoeng ea karolo ea thromboplastin, APTT) e tebile haholoanyane.

3. APTT:

Nako e kentsoeng ea karolo ea thromboplastin e sebelisoa haholo ho bona liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea coagulation ea intrinsic coagulation pathway.Tlas'a maemo a fisioloji, lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa coagulation tse amehang tseleng ea intrinsic coagulation ke XI, XII, VIII le VI, eo coagulation factor XII e leng ntlha ea bohlokoa tseleng ena.XI le XII, prokallikrein le excitogen e phahameng ea boima ba molek'hule li kopanetse karolo ea ho kopana ha coagulation.Kamora ts'ebetso ea mohato oa ho ikopanya, XI le XII li ts'oaroa ka tatellano, ka hona ho qala tsela ea endogenous coagulation.Litlaleho tsa lingoliloeng li bontša hore ha ho bapisoa le basali bao e seng baimana, nako ea thromboplastin e kentsoeng nakong ea bokhachane bo tloaelehileng e khutsufatsoa nakong eohle ea bokhachane, 'me trimester ea bobeli le ea boraro e khutšoanyane haholo ho feta ba nakong ea pele.Le hoja nakong ea bokhachane bo tloaelehileng, mabaka a XII, VIII, X, le XI a eketseha ka ho tšoana le keketseho ea libeke tsa bokhachane nakong eohle ea bokhachane, hobane coagulation factor XI e ka 'na ea se ke ea fetoha nakong ea bobeli le ea boraro ea bokhachane, mosebetsi oohle oa endogenous coagulation Bohareng. le ho ima ha morao, liphetoho li ne li sa totobala.

4. Fibrinogen (Fg):

Joaloka glycoprotein, e etsa peptide A le peptide B tlas'a thrombin hydrolysis, 'me qetellong e etsa insoluble fibrin ho emisa ho tsoa mali.Fg e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea ho kopanya liplatelete.Ha liplatelete li sebelisoa, fibrinogen receptor GP Ib / IIIa e thehoa holim'a lera, 'me lihlopha tsa platelet li thehoa ka ho hokahanya ha Fg,' me qetellong thrombus e thehoa.Ntle le moo, joalo ka protheine e sebetsang hantle, keketseho ea khatello ea plasma ea Fg e bonts'a hore ho na le karabelo ea ho ruruha methapong ea mali, e ka amang rheology ea mali mme ke eona e khethollang kholo ea plasma viscosity.E kenya letsoho ka ho toba ho coagulation le ho ntlafatsa platelet aggregation.Ha preeclampsia e etsahala, maemo a Fg a eketseha haholo, 'me ha mosebetsi oa' mele oa ho kopanya o fokotsehile, maemo a Fg a qetella a fokotseha.Palo e kholo ea liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse hore boemo ba Fg nakong ea ho kena ka phaposing ea ho pepa ke letšoao le nang le moelelo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho bolela esale pele ketsahalo ea ho tsoa ha mali ka mor'a ho pepa.Boleng bo nepahetseng ba ho bolela esale pele ke 100% [7].Ka trimester ea boraro, plasma Fg hangata ke 3 ho isa ho 6 g/L.Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea coagulation, plasma e phahameng ea Fg e thibela hypofibrinemia ea kliniki.Ke feela ha plasma Fg> 1.5 g/L e ka netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea coagulation, ha plasma Fg <1.5 g/L, le maemong a matla Fg <1 g/L, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho kotsi ea DIC, mme tlhahlobo e matla e lokela ho ba teng. e entsoe.E shebane le liphetoho tse fapaneng tsa Fg, litaba tsa Fg li amana le mosebetsi oa thrombin 'me li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea platelet aggregation.Maemong a nang le Fg e phahameng, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa tlhahlobo ea matšoao a amanang le hypercoagulability le li-antibodies tsa autoimmune [8].Gao Xiaoli le Niu Xiumin[9] ba bapisitse litaba tsa plasma Fg tsa bakhachane ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la gestational le bakhachane ba tloaelehileng, mme ba fumana hore litaba tsa Fg li ne li amana hantle le tšebetso ea thrombin.Ho na le tšekamelo ea ho thrombosis.