Hemostasis yemuviri wemunhu inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu:

1. Kutsikirira kwetsinga yeropa pachayo 2. Maplatelet anoumba embolus 3. Kutanga kwe coagulation factors

Patinokuvara, tinokuvadza tsinga dzeropa dziri pasi peganda, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti ropa ripinde munyama yedu, kuita mavanga kana ganda rakasimba, kana kuti kubuda ropa kana ganda rikatyoka.Panguva ino, muviri uchatanga hemostatic mechanism.

Kutanga, mitsipa yeropa inosunga, ichideredza kuyerera kweropa

Chechipiri, maplatelet anotanga kuungana.Kana tsinga yeropa yakuvadzwa, collagen inoratidzwa.Collagen inokwezva maplatelet kunzvimbo yakakuvara, uye maplatelet anonamirana pamwechete kuti agadzire plug.Vanokurumidza kuvaka chipingamupinyi chinotitadzisa kubuda ropa zvakanyanya.

Fibrin inoramba ichibatanidza, ichibvumira maplatelet kuti abatanidze zvakasimba.Pakupedzisira ropa rinogwamba, richidzivirira ropa rakawanda kubva mumuviri uye kudzivirira utachiona husina kunaka kupinda mumuviri wedu kubva kunze.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo coagulation nzira mumuviri inogadziriswa zvakare.

Kune marudzi maviri enzira dzekunze nedzemukati.

Extrinsic coagulation nzira: Yakatangwa nekuratidzwa kwenyama yakakuvadzwa kuropa kusangana nechinhu III.Apo kukuvara kwenyama uye kuputika kwemudziyo weropa, iyo yakazaruka yechitatu inoumba yakaoma neCa2 + uye VII mu plasma kuti iite chinhu X. Nokuti chinhu III chinotanga chirongwa ichi chinobva kune matishu kunze kwemidziyo yeropa, inonzi extrinsic coagulation pathway.

Intrinsic coagulation nzira: yakatangwa nekushandiswa kwechinhu XII.Kana mudziyo weropa wakuvadzwa uye subintimal collagen fibers inoratidzwa, inogona kumisa Ⅻ kusvika Ⅻa, uye yobva yaita Ⅺ ku Ⅺa.Ⅺ a activates Ⅸa pamberi peCa2+, uyezve Ⅸa inoumba yakaoma ine activated Ⅷa, PF3, uye Ca2+ kuti ienderere mberi nekuita X. Zvinhu zvinobatanidzwa mukubatanidzwa kweropa muhutano hwataurwa pamusoro apa zvose zviripo muplasma yeropa mumidziyo yeropa. , saka vanotumidzwa senzira yemukati yeropa coagulation.

Ichi chinhu chine basa rakakosha mu coagulation cascade nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwenzira mbiri padanho refactor X Factor X uye factor V activate inactive factor II (prothrombin) muplasma kune inoshanda factor IIa, (thrombin) .Aya mahombe akawanda ethrombin anotungamirira kukuwedzera kushandiswa kweplatelet uye kuumbwa kwemafiber.Pasi pechiito che thrombin, fibrinogen yakanyungudutswa mu plasma inoshandurwa kuva fibrin monomers;panguva imwe cheteyo, thrombin inomutsa XIII kusvika XIIIa, ichiita fibrin monomers Miviri yefibrin inobatana kuti igadzire mapolymer asina kunyungudika nemvura, uye rukarukana kuita network kuvharira masero eropa, kuumba magwamba eropa, uye kupedza kugwamba kweropa. process.Iri thrombus rinozopedzisira raita chikwee chinodzivirira ronda parinosimuka roita musara mutsva weganda pasi pePlatelets nefibrin zvinongoitwa kana tsinga yeropa yatsemuka nekubuda pachena, zvichireva kuti mutsinga dzeropa dzine hutano hadzina kungoerekana dzaenda. clots.

Asi zvakare inoratidza kuti kana tsinga dzako dzeropa dzichiputika nekuda kwekuiswa kweplaque, zvinokonzeresa kuwanda kwemaplatelet kuungana, uye pakupedzisira kuumba nhamba huru yethrombus kuvhara tsinga dzeropa.Iyi zvakare ndiyo pathophysiological nzira ye coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, uye sitiroko.