Physiological hemostasis ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekudzivirira dzemuviri.Kana tsinga yeropa ichikuvadzwa, kune rumwe rutivi, inodiwa kugadzira hemostatic plug nekukurumidza kudzivirira kurasikirwa kweropa;kune rumwe rutivi, zvinodikanwa kudzikamisa hemostatic mhinduro kune yakakuvadzwa chikamu uye kuchengetedza iyo fluid mamiriro eropa mu systemic tsinga dzeropa.Nokudaro, physiological hemostasis inokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye nzira dzinopindirana kuchengetedza kuenzana kwakanyatso.Mukiriniki, tsono diki dzinowanzo shandiswa kubaya nzeve kana zvigunwe kubvumira ropa kubuda zvakasununguka, uyezve kuyera nguva yekubuda ropa.Iyi nguva inonzi nguva yekubuda ropa (nguva yekubuda ropa), uye vanhuwo zvavo havapfuuri maminitsi 9 (template nzira).Kureba kwenguva yekubuda ropa kunogona kuratidza mamiriro e physiological hemostatic function.Kana iyo physiological hemostatic basa isisina simba, kubuda ropa kunowanzo kuitika, uye zvirwere zvehemorrhagic zvinoitika;nepo kuwedzeredza kweiyo physiological hemostatic basa kunogona kutungamirira kune pathological thrombosis.

Basic process ye physiological hemostasis
Iyo physiological hemostasis maitiro anonyanya kusanganisira matatu maitiro: vasoconstriction, platelet thrombus kugadzirwa uye ropa coagulation.

1 Vasoconstriction Physiological hemostasis inotanga kuratidzwa sekuputika kwemudziyo weropa wakakuvadzwa uye tsinga dzeropa dziri pedyo, izvo zvinoderedza kuyerera kweropa uye zvinobatsira kuderedza kana kudzivirira kubuda ropa.Zvinokonzera vasoconstriction zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera: ① Injury stimulus reflex inokonzera vasoconstriction;② Kukuvadza kumadziro evascular kunokonzera munharaunda vascular myogenic contraction;③ Platelets anonamatira kuburitswa kwekukuvadzwa 5-HT, TXA₂, nezvimwewo kuti abatanidze tsinga dzeropa.zvinhu zvinokonzera vasoconstriction.

2 Kuumbwa kweplatelet-wise hemostatic thrombus Mushure mekukuvara kwemudziyo weropa, nekuda kwekuratidzwa kwe subendothelial collagen, chidimbu chiduku cheplatelet chinonamatira kune subendothelial collagen mukati memasekondi 1-2, iyo ndiyo danho rokutanga pakuumbwa kwehemostatic thrombus.Kuburikidza nekunamatira kwemaplatelet, nzvimbo yekukuvara inogona "kuzivikanwa", kuitira kuti hemostatic plug inogona kuiswa zvakanaka.Maplatelet akanamatira anoenderera mberi nekumisikidza nzira dzekusaina maplatelet kuti avhure maplatelet uye kuburitsa endogenous ADP neTXA₂, iyo inozoita kuti mamwe maplatelet muropa, atore mamwe maplatelet kuti anamate kune rimwe nerimwe uye kukonzera kuunganidzwa kusingadzokerike;masero matsvuku eropa akakuvadzwa anoburitsa ADP uye yemuno Iyo thrombin inogadzirwa panguva yekubatana inogona kuita kuti maplatelet ayerera padyo neronda arambe achinamatira uye aunganidze pamaplatelet akanamatira uye akaiswa kune subendothelial collagen, uye pakupedzisira kugadzira platelet hemostatic plug kuvhara ronda uye kuwana preliminary hemostasis, inozivikanwawo seprimary hemostasis (irsthemostasis).Primary hemostasis inonyanya kutsamira pavasoconstriction uye kuumbwa kweplatelet hemostatic plug.Mukuwedzera, kuderedzwa kwePGI₂ uye NO kugadzirwa mune yakakuvadzwa vascular endothelium inobatsirawo kuunganidzwa kweplatelet.

3 Ropa coagulation Mitsipa yeropa yakakuvadzwa inogona zvakare kumisa iyo yeropa coagulation system, uye yemuno coagulation yeropa inoitika nekukurumidza, zvekuti soluble fibrinogen muplasma inoshandurwa kuita insoluble fibrin, uye yakarukwa kuita network kusimbisa iyo hemostatic plug, iyo inonzi yechipiri. hemostasis (yechipiri hemostasis) hemostasis) (Mufananidzo 3-6).Chekupedzisira, iyo fibrous tishu yemuno inowanda uye inokura kuita ganda reropa kuti riwane zvachose hemostasis.

Physiological hemostasis yakakamurwa kuita matatu maitiro: vasoconstriction, platelet thrombus formation, uye ropa coagulation, asi maitiro matatu aya anoitika achitevedzana uye anopindirana, uye ane hukama hwepedyo kune mumwe nemumwe.Platelet adhesion iri nyore kuwana chete kana kubuda kweropa kunoderedzwa ne vasoconstriction;S-HT uye TXA2 yakaburitswa mushure mekushandiswa kweplatelet inogona kukurudzira vasoconstriction.Activated maplatelet anopa phospholipid pamusoro peiyo activation ye coagulation zvinhu panguva yeropa coagulation.Kune akawanda coagulation zvinhu zvakasungirirwa pamusoro pemaplatelet, uye maplatelet anogona zvakare kuburitsa coagulation zvinhu zvakaita sefibrinogen, nekudaro zvichiwedzera kukurumidza kuita coagulation.Iyo thrombin inogadzirwa panguva yekubatana kweropa inogona kusimbisa kushandiswa kweplatelet.Mukuwedzera, kuputika kweplatelet muvhavha yeropa kunogona kuita kuti kuvhara kweropa kudzoke uye kusvina serum mairi, zvichiita kuti ropa rive rakasimba uye rinovhara zvakasimba kuvhura kweropa.Naizvozvo, iyo mitatu miitiro ye physiological hemostasis inosimudzira mumwe nemumwe, kuitira kuti physiological hemostasis inogona kuitwa panguva uye nekukurumidza.Nekuti maplatelet ane hukama padhuze neatatu anongedzo mune yehupenyu hemostasis process, maplatelet anoita basa rakakosha zvakanyanya muhutano hwehemostasis process.Nguva yekubuda ropa inorebeswa kana maplatelet akaderedzwa kana kushanda kwakaderera.