Thrombosis uye hemostasis akakosha physiological mabasa emuviri wemunhu, anosanganisira tsinga dzeropa, maplatelet, coagulation factor, anticoagulant mapuroteni, uye fibrinolytic masisitimu.Iwo masystem akanyatso dzikama anovimbisa kuyerera kweropa mumuviri wemunhu.Kuenderera mberi kutenderera kwekuyerera, kusabuda mumudziyo weropa (hemorrhage) kana coagulation mumudziyo weropa (thrombosis).

Iyo nzira ye thrombosis uye hemostasis inowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita matanho matatu:

Chekutanga hemostasis inonyanya kubatanidzwa mumudziyo wemadziro, endothelial masero, uye maplatelet.Mushure mekukuvara kwemudziyo, maplatelet anokurumidza kuungana kuti amise kubuda ropa.

Sekondari hemostasis, inozivikanwawo se plasma hemostasis, inoita kuti coagulation system ishandure fibrinogen kuita insoluble cross-linked fibrin, iyo inoumba magwamba makuru.

Fibrinolysis, iyo inoputsa fibrin clot uye inodzorera kuyerera kweropa.

Nhanho imwe neimwe yakanyatsogadziriswa kuchengetedza mamiriro ekuenzanisa.Kukanganisa mune chero chinongedzo kunotungamira kune zvine chekuita nezvirwere.

Matambudziko ekubuda ropa ishoko rakajairika rezvirwere zvinokonzerwa neabnormal hemostasis mechanisms.Matambudziko ekubuda ropa anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: nhaka uye inowanikwa, uye zviratidzo zvekiriniki zvinonyanya kubuda ropa munzvimbo dzakasiyana.Congenital kubuda ropa zvirwere, zvakajairika hemophilia A (kushomeka kweiyo coagulation factor VIII), hemophilia B (kushomeka kweiyo coagulation factor IX) uye coagulation abnormalities inokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwefibrinogen;akawana matambudziko ekubuda ropa, akajairika Kune vhitamini K-inotsamira coagulation factor kushomeka, abnormal coagulation zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nechirwere chechiropa, nezvimwe.

Zvirwere zveThromboembolic zvinonyanya kukamurwa kuita arterial thrombosis uye venous thromboembolism (venousthromboembolism, VTE).Arterial thrombosis inowanzoitika mumakumbo emagetsi, cerebral arteries, mesenteric arteries, uye tsinga dzemakumbo, etc. Kutanga kunowanzoitika kamwe kamwe, uye kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kwepanzvimbo kunogona kuitika, zvakadai seangina pectoris, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mumakumbo, nezvimwewo. ;inokonzerwa netishu ischemia uye hypoxia muzvikamu zvakakodzera zvekupa ropa Chirwere chisina kujairika, chimiro chetishu uye basa, zvakadai semyocardial infarction, kukanganisa kwemoyo, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, kuvhiringidzika kwekuziva uye hemiplegia, nezvimwewo;Kubuda kwethrombus kunokonzera cerebral embolism, renal embolism, splenic embolism uye zvimwe zvine chekuita nezviratidzo nezviratidzo.Venous thrombosis ndiyo inowanzozivikanwa yeyakadzika tsinga thrombosis muzasi.Izvo zvinowanzoitika mutsinga dzakadzika dzakadai sepopliteal vein, femoral vein, mesenteric vein, uye portal vein.Iyo intuitive kuratidzwa ndeyekuzvimba kwenzvimbo uye kusingawirirani ukobvu hwezasi.Thromboembolism inoreva kuvharwa kwethrombus kubva panzvimbo yekuumbwa, zvishoma kana kuvharira zvachose mimwe tsinga dzeropa panguva yekufamba nekuyerera kweropa, zvichikonzera ischemia, hypoxia, necrosis (arterial thrombosis) uye congestion, edema ( pathological process of venous thrombosis). .Mushure mekunge yakadzika vein thrombosis yepazasi inodonha, inogona kupinda mutsinga yepulmonary nekutenderera kweropa, uye zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvepulmonary embolism zvinoonekwa.Nokudaro, kudzivirira kwevenous thromboembolism kunonyanya kukosha.