Hemostasis ya thupi la munthu imapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo atatu:

1. Kuthamanga kwa mtsempha wamagazi wokha 2. Mapulateleti amapanga embolus 3. Kuyambitsa kwa coagulation factor

Tikavulala, timawononga mitsempha ya pansi pa khungu, zomwe zingapangitse magazi kulowa mu minofu yathu, kupanga zilonda ngati khungu silili bwino, kapena kutuluka magazi ngati khungu lathyoka.Panthawi imeneyi, thupi limayamba njira ya hemostatic.

Choyamba, mitsempha ya magazi imachepetsa, kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi

Chachiwiri, mapulateleti amayamba kusonkhana.Mtsempha wamagazi ukawonongeka, collagen imawonekera.Collagen imakopa mapulateleti kumalo ovulala, ndipo mapulateleti amamatira pamodzi kupanga pulagi.Amamanga msanga chotchinga chomwe chimatilepheretsa kutulutsa magazi kwambiri.

Fibrin ikupitiriza kulumikiza, kulola kuti mapulateleti agwirizane kwambiri.Pamapeto pake magazi amaundana, kulepheretsa magazi ambiri kuchoka m'thupi komanso kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tisalowe m'thupi lathu kuchokera kunja.Pa nthawi yomweyi, njira ya coagulation m'thupi imayatsidwanso.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya njira zakunja ndi zamkati.

Extrinsic coagulation pathway: Yoyambitsidwa ndi kuwonekera kwa minofu yowonongeka kukhudzana ndi magazi ndi factor III.Pamene kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi kuphulika kwa mitsempha ya magazi, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha III chimapanga zovuta ndi Ca2 + ndi VII mu plasma kuti atsegule chinthu X. Chifukwa chakuti chinthu chachitatu chomwe chimayambitsa ndondomekoyi chimachokera ku minofu kunja kwa mitsempha ya magazi, imatchedwa njira ya extrinsic coagulation.

Intrinsic coagulation njira: yoyambitsidwa ndi kuyambitsa kwa factor XII.Mtsempha wamagazi ukawonongeka ndipo ulusi wa collagen wocheperako umawonekera, ukhoza kuyambitsa Ⅻ mpaka Ⅻa, kenako ndikuyambitsa Ⅺ mpaka Ⅺa.Ⅺa imayendetsa Ⅸa pamaso pa Ca2+, ndiyeno Ⅸa imapanga zovuta zomwe zimapangidwira Ⅷa, PF3, ndi Ca2 + kuti zipititse patsogolo X. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa magazi mu ndondomeko yomwe tatchulayi zonse zilipo mu plasma ya magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi. , chifukwa chake amatchulidwa ngati njira yoyambira magazi.

Izi zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonongeka kwa coagulation chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa njira ziwiri pamlingo wa factor X Factor X ndi factor V kuyambitsa inactive factor II (prothrombin) mu plasma kupita ku factor IIa, (thrombin) .Kuchuluka kwa thrombin kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mapulateleti apite patsogolo komanso kupanga ulusi.Pansi pa zochita za thrombin, fibrinogen yosungunuka mu plasma imasandulika kukhala fibrin monomers;Panthawi imodzimodziyo, thrombin imayendetsa XIII mpaka XIIIa, kupanga fibrin monomers Matupi a fibrin amalumikizana wina ndi mzake kupanga ma polima osasungunuka a fibrin, ndipo amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake mu netiweki kuti atseke maselo a magazi, kupanga magazi kuundana, ndikumaliza kukomoka kwa magazi. ndondomeko.Thrombus imeneyi pamapeto pake imapanga nkhanambo yomwe imateteza bala pamene ikukwera ndikupanga khungu latsopano pansi pa Platelets ndi fibrin zimangogwira ntchito pamene mitsempha ya magazi imasweka ndikuwonekera, kutanthauza kuti m'mitsempha yamagazi yathanzi labwino samatsogolera mwachisawawa. magazi kuundana.

Koma zimasonyezanso kuti ngati mitsempha yanu yamagazi imasweka chifukwa cha kuikidwa kwa plaque, zidzachititsa kuti mapulateleti ambiri asonkhanitsidwe, ndipo pamapeto pake apange chiwerengero chachikulu cha thrombus kuti atseke mitsempha ya magazi.Ichinso ndi njira ya pathophysiological ya matenda a mtima, myocardial infarction, ndi sitiroko.