Physiological hemostasis ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika zotetezera thupi.Mtsempha wamagazi ukawonongeka, kumbali imodzi, pamafunika kupanga pulagi ya hemostatic mwamsanga kuti asatayike;Komano, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kuyankha kwa hemostatic ku gawo lowonongeka ndikukhalabe ndi madzi amadzimadzi m'mitsempha yamagazi.Choncho, physiological hemostasis ndi zotsatira za zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi njira zomwe zimagwirizanitsa kuti zikhalebe bwino.Kachipatala, singano zing'onozing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poboola khutu kapena nsonga zala kuti magazi azituluka mwachibadwa, ndiyeno kuyeza kutalika kwa magazi.Nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa nthawi ya magazi (nthawi yotaya magazi), ndipo anthu abwinobwino asapitirire mphindi 9 (njira yachidule).Kutalika kwa nthawi yotaya magazi kumatha kuwonetsa momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito.Pamene physiological hemostatic ntchito yafooketsedwa, kukha magazi kumakonda kuchitika, ndipo matenda a hemorrhagic amapezeka;pamene overactivation wa zokhudza thupi hemostatic ntchito kungayambitse pathological thrombosis.

Basic ndondomeko zokhudza thupi hemostasis
Physiological hemostasis ndondomeko makamaka zikuphatikizapo njira zitatu: vasoconstriction, platelet thrombus mapangidwe ndi magazi coagulation.

1 Vasoconstriction Physiological hemostasis imawonetsedwa koyamba ngati kupindika kwa mtsempha wowonongeka ndi mitsempha yaying'ono yapafupi, yomwe imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi komweko ndipo imapindulitsa kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa magazi.Zomwe zimayambitsa vasoconstriction zimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu izi: ① Kuvulala koyambitsa matenda kumayambitsa vasoconstriction;② Kuwonongeka kwa khoma la mitsempha kumayambitsa kutsika kwa mitsempha ya myogenic;③ Mapulateleti omwe amatsatira kuvulala amamasulidwa 5-HT, TXA₂, etc. kuti atseke mitsempha yamagazi.zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vasoconstriction.

2 Mapangidwe a kupatsidwa zinthu za m`mwazi wanzeru hemostatic thrombus Pambuyo magazi chotengera kuvulala, chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi subendothelial kolajeni, pang`ono kupatsidwa zinthu za m`mwazi kutsatira kolajeni subendothelial mkati 1-2 masekondi, amene ndi sitepe yoyamba mapangidwe hemostatic thrombus.Kupyolera mu kumatira kwa mapulateleti, malo ovulala amatha "kuzindikirika", kotero kuti pulagi ya hemostatic ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa bwino.Mapulateleti otsatiridwa amayambitsanso njira zowonetsera mapulateleti kuti ayambitse mapulateleti ndi kutulutsa ma ADP ndi TXA₂ amkati, omwenso amayambitsa mapulateleti ena m'magazi, kupanga mapulateleti ochulukirapo kuti atsatire wina ndi mnzake ndikupangitsa kuti zisagwirizane;Maselo ofiira owonongeka a m'deralo amatulutsa ADP ndi am'deralo Ma thrombin omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya coagulation amatha kupanga mapulateleti omwe akuyenda pafupi ndi bala kuti asamangokhalira kumamatira ndi kusonkhanitsa pamapulateleti omwe amamatiridwa ndikukhazikika ku subendothelial collagen, ndipo potsirizira pake amapanga pulagi ya hemostatic. kutsekereza chilonda ndikukwaniritsa hemostasis yoyamba, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti primary hemostasis (irsthemostasis).Primary hemostasis makamaka zimadalira vasoconstriction ndi mapangidwe pulagi hemostatic pulagi.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwa PGI₂ ndi NO kupanga mu endothelium yowonongeka ya mitsempha kumapindulitsanso pakuphatikizana kwa mapulateleti.

3 Kuphatikizika kwa magazi Mitsempha yamagazi yowonongeka imatha kuyambitsanso dongosolo lamagazi, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi komweko kumachitika mwachangu, kotero kuti sungunuka fibrinogen mu plasma imasandulika kukhala insoluble fibrin, ndikulumikizidwa kukhala netiweki kulimbitsa pulagi ya hemostatic, yomwe imatchedwa yachiwiri. hemostasis (secondary hemostasis) hemostasis) (Chithunzi 3-6).Potsirizira pake, minofu ya m'deralo imachulukana ndipo imakula kukhala chotupa cha magazi kuti chifike ku hemostasis yokhazikika.

Physiological hemostasis imagawidwa m'njira zitatu: vasoconstriction, platelet thrombus mapangidwe, ndi magazi coagulation, koma njira zitatuzi zimachitika motsatizana ndi kugwirizana wina ndi mzake, ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri.Kumanga kwa mapulaneti ndikosavuta kukwaniritsa pokhapokha ngati magazi akuchepa ndi vasoconstriction;S-HT ndi TXA2 zotulutsidwa pambuyo poyambitsa mapulateleti zimatha kulimbikitsa vasoconstriction.Mapulateleti oyendetsedwa amapereka phospholipid pamwamba kuti ayambitse zinthu zomwe zimalumikizana panthawi yamagazi.Pali zinthu zambiri za coagulation zomwe zimamangiriridwa pamwamba pa mapulateleti, ndipo mapulateleti amathanso kutulutsa zinthu zomwe zimachulukirachulukira monga fibrinogen, potero zimafulumizitsa kwambiri dongosolo la coagulation.The thrombin opangidwa pamene magazi coagulation akhoza kulimbikitsa kutsegula kwa mapulateleti.Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwa mapulateleti m'magazi amagazi kumatha kupangitsa kuti magaziwo atsekeke ndikufinya seramu yomwe ili mmenemo, kupangitsa magaziwo kukhala olimba komanso kutseka mwamphamvu kutsegula kwa mtsempha wamagazi.Choncho, njira zitatu za physiological hemostasis zimalimbikitsana, kotero kuti thupi la hemostasis likhoza kuchitidwa panthawi yake komanso mofulumira.Chifukwa mapulateleti ndi ogwirizana kwambiri ndi maulalo atatu a physiological hemostasis process, mapulateleti amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamayendedwe achilengedwe a hemostasis.Nthawi yotaya magazi imatalika pamene mapulateleti achepa kapena kugwira ntchito kwachepa.