(1) D-dimer
Ma ke ʻano he huahana hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka fibrin i hoʻopili ʻia, ʻo D-dimer kahi hōʻailona maʻamau e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka coagulation a me ka hyperfibrinolysis lua.I nā poʻe maʻi me COVID-19, ʻo nā pae D-dimer kiʻekiʻe he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi no nā maʻi coagulation.Ua pili pū nā pae D-dimer i ka nui o ka maʻi, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maʻi me ka D-dimer kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e komo ai.Manaʻo nā alakaʻi mai ka International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) i kahi D-dimer kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 a 4 mau manawa o ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻamau) hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona no ka hoʻokipa ʻana i nā mea maʻi COVID-19, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā contraindications. Pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka anticoagulation me ka prophylactic doses o ka heparin haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kēlā mau maʻi i ka hiki.Ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ka D-dimer a loaʻa kahi kānalua kiʻekiʻe o ka thrombosis venous a i ʻole microvascular embolism, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka anticoagulation me nā therapeutic doses o ka heparin.

ʻOiai hiki i ka D-dimer kiʻekiʻe ke hōʻike i ka hyperfibrinolysis, ʻaʻole maʻamau ke kahe koko i nā mea maʻi COVID-19 me ka D-dimer kiʻekiʻe ke ʻole ke holomua ʻana i ka pae hypocoagulable DIC overt, e hōʻike ana ʻo COVID-19 ʻO ka ʻōnaehana fibrinolytic o -19 ka mea i kāohi nui ʻia.ʻO kekahi hōʻailona pili i ka fibrin, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻololi o ka pae FDP a me ka pae D-dimer i like loa.

 

(2) PT
ʻO ka PT lōʻihi kekahi mea hōʻailona o nā maʻi coagulation hiki i nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 a ua hōʻike ʻia e pili pū me ka prognosis maikaʻi ʻole.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi coagulation ma COVID-19, ʻo nā mea maʻi me ka PT he maʻamau a maʻalahi paha, a ʻo ka PT lōʻihi i ka manawa hypercoagulable e hōʻike pinepine ana i ka hoʻāla ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā kumu coagulation exogenous, a me ka lohi o ka fibrin polymerization, no laila he anticoagulation pale.kekahi o na hoailona.Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻolōʻihi nui ʻia ka PT, ʻoiai inā loaʻa ka maʻi i ke koko, hōʻike ia ua komo ka maʻi coagulation i ka pae coagulation haʻahaʻa, a paʻakikī paha ka mea maʻi i ka lawa ʻole o ka ate, ka hemahema o ka vitamina K, anticoagulant overdose, etc., a Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka lawe ʻana i ka plasma.Lapaʻau ʻokoʻa.ʻO kekahi mea nānā coagulation, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), i mālama nui ʻia ma kahi pae maʻamau i ka wā hypercoagulable o nā maʻi coagulation, ʻo ia paha ke kumu o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mea VIII i ka mokuʻāina inflammatory.

 

(3) Ka helu platelet a me ka ho'āʻo hana
ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka coagulation hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ʻai platelet, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka helu platelet i nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19, e pili ana paha i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka thrombopoietin, IL-6, cytokines e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka platelet i nā mokuʻāina inflammatory. ʻAʻole ʻo ka helu platelet kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e hōʻike ana i nā maʻi coagulation ma COVID-19, a ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka nānā ʻana i kāna mau loli.Eia kekahi, pili nui ka helu platelet me ka prognosis maikaʻi ʻole a ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻailona no ka anticoagulation prophylactic.Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka helu (e laʻa, <50×109/L), a loaʻa ke koko i ka mea maʻi, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka platelet component.

E like me nā hopena o nā haʻawina mua i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi sepsis, nā hoʻokolohua in vitro platelet function i nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 me nā maʻi coagulation e hāʻawi pinepine i nā hopena haʻahaʻa, akā ʻo nā platelets maoli i nā mea maʻi e hoʻāla pinepine ʻia, e pili ana i ka hana haʻahaʻa.Hoʻohana mua ʻia nā platelets kiʻekiʻe a hoʻopau ʻia e ke kaʻina coagulation, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana pili o nā platelets i loko o ke kahe ohi ʻia.

 

(4) FIB
Ma ke ʻano he protein reaction phase acute, ua piʻi pinepine ka poʻe maʻi me COVID-19 i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o FIB i ka pae koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi, ʻaʻole pili wale i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻāʻī, akā ʻo ka FIB kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe nō hoʻi kahi kumu pilikia no ka thrombosis, no laila. hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia he COVID-19 ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona no ka anticoagulation i nā maʻi.Eia naʻe, i ka wā e emi mai ana ka FIB o ka mea maʻi, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ua piʻi ka maʻi coagulation a hiki i ka pae hypocoagulable, a i ʻole ka mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi hepatic koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ka hapa nui o ka hopena o ka maʻi, i ka wā FIB<1.5 g. /L a hui pū ʻia me ke koko, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka FIB infusion.