Hemostasis na jikin mutum ya ƙunshi sassa uku:

1. Tashin jijiyoyin jini da kanta 2. Platelets sun zama embolus 3. Farawar abubuwan coagulation.

Sa’ad da muka ji rauni, muna lalata magudanar jinin da ke ƙarƙashin fata, wanda zai iya sa jini ya shiga cikin kyallen jikinmu, ya yi ƙunci idan fatar ba ta cika ba, ko kuma zubar jini idan fatar ta karye.A wannan lokacin, jiki zai fara tsarin hemostatic.

Na farko, tasoshin jini suna takurawa, suna rage kwararar jini

Na biyu, platelets sun fara tarawa.Lokacin da jirgin jini ya lalace, collagen yana fitowa.Collagen yana jawo platelets zuwa wurin da aka ji rauni, kuma platelets suna manne tare don samar da toshe.Suna hanzarta gina shingen da ke hana mu zubar jini da yawa.

Fibrin ya ci gaba da haɗewa, yana barin platelet ɗin su haɗu sosai.Daga karshe sai jini ya taso, yana hana karin jini fita daga jiki sannan kuma yana hana munanan cututtuka shiga jikin mu daga waje.A lokaci guda kuma, hanyar coagulation a cikin jiki kuma tana kunna.

Akwai tashoshi iri biyu na waje da na ciki.

Hanyar coagulation na waje: An fara ta ta hanyar fallasa nama mai lalacewa zuwa hulɗar jini tare da factor III.Lokacin da lalacewar nama da rupture na jini, wanda aka fallasa factor III ya samar da hadaddun tare da Ca2 + da VII a cikin plasma don kunna factor X. Domin factor III wanda ya fara wannan tsari ya fito ne daga kyallen takarda a waje da jini, ana kiran shi hanyar haɗin gwiwa na extrinsic.

Hanyar coagulation na ciki: farawa ta hanyar kunna factor XII.Lokacin da jigon jini ya lalace kuma an fallasa fibers ɗin collagen na subintimal, zai iya kunna Ⅻ zuwa Ⅻa, sannan kunna Ⅺ zuwa Ⅺa.Ⅺa kunna Ⅸa a gaban Ca2+, sannan Ⅸa ta samar da hadaddun tare da kunna Ⅷa, PF3, da Ca2+ don kara kunna X. Abubuwan da ke tattare da coagulation na jini a cikin tsarin da aka ambata a sama duk suna cikin plasma jini a cikin tasoshin jini. , don haka ana kiran su azaman hanyar haɗin jini na ciki.

Wannan factor yana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin coagulation cascade saboda haɗuwa da hanyoyi guda biyu a matakin factor X Factor X da factor V kunna rashin aiki factor II (prothrombin) a cikin jini zuwa aiki factor IIa, (thrombin).Wadannan adadi mai yawa na thrombin suna haifar da ƙarin kunna platelet da samuwar zaruruwa.A ƙarƙashin aikin thrombin, fibrinogen da aka narkar da shi a cikin jini yana canzawa zuwa fibrin monomers;A lokaci guda, thrombin yana kunna XIII zuwa XIIIa, yana yin fibrin monomers Jikunan fibrin suna haɗuwa da juna don samar da fibrin polymers na ruwa wanda ba zai iya narkewa ba, kuma a haɗa juna a cikin hanyar sadarwa don haɗa kwayoyin jini, samar da jini, da kuma kammala coagulation na jini. tsari.Wannan thrombus a ƙarshe ya zama scab wanda ke kare rauni yayin da yake tasowa kuma ya samar da sabon launi na fata a ƙarƙashin Platelets kuma fibrin yana kunnawa ne kawai lokacin da magudanar jini ya tsage kuma ya bayyana, ma'ana cewa a cikin lafiyar lafiyar lafiyar jiki ba sa haifar da rashin lafiya. gudan jini.

Amma kuma yana nuni da cewa idan magudanar jinin ku suka fashe saboda ajalinsu, zai sa adadi mai yawa na platelets su taru, kuma a karshe su samar da adadi mai yawa na thrombus don toshe hanyoyin jini.Wannan kuma shine tsarin ilimin halittar jiki na cututtukan zuciya, ciwon zuciya, da bugun jini.