Thrombosis da hemostasis sune mahimman ayyukan ilimin lissafin jiki na jikin mutum, wanda ya haɗa da tasoshin jini, platelets, abubuwan coagulation, sunadaran anticoagulant, da tsarin fibrinolytic.Saitin tsarin daidaitattun daidaito ne waɗanda ke tabbatar da kwararar jini na yau da kullun a cikin jikin ɗan adam.Ci gaba da zagayawa na gudana, ba zubewa daga magudanar jini (jini) ko coagulation a cikin jijiyar jini (thrombosis).

Hanyar thrombosis da hemostasis yawanci ana kasu kashi uku matakai:

Hemostasis na farko yana shiga cikin bangon jirgin ruwa, sel endothelial, da platelets.Bayan rauni na jirgin ruwa, platelets suna taruwa da sauri don dakatar da zubar jini.

Hemostasis na biyu, wanda kuma aka sani da hemostasis plasma, yana kunna tsarin coagulation don canza fibrinogen zuwa fibrin mai haɗin giciye wanda ba zai iya narkewa ba, wanda ke haifar da babban ɗigon jini.

Fibrinolysis, wanda ke rushe clot ɗin fibrin kuma yana mayar da jinin al'ada.

Kowane mataki an daidaita shi daidai don kiyaye yanayin ma'auni.Rashin lahani a kowace hanyar haɗi zai haifar da cututtuka masu alaƙa.

Rashin zubar jini kalma ce ta gabaɗaya don cututtukan da ke haifar da ingantattun hanyoyin hemostasis.Ana iya raba matsalar zubar jini kusan kashi biyu: na gado da samu, kuma bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti galibi jini ne a sassa daban-daban.Cututtukan zub da jini, na yau da kullun na hemophilia A (rashin coagulation factor VIII), hemophilia B (rashin coagulation factor IX) da rashin daidaituwa na coagulation da ke haifar da rashi fibrinogen;cututtukan jini da aka samu, na gama gari Akwai rashi na abubuwan coagulation na tushen bitamin K, abubuwan da ba su dace ba na coagulation na hanta, da sauransu.

Cututtukan thromboembolism sun kasu kashi biyu zuwa thrombosis na jijiyoyi da thromboembolism venous (venousthromboembolism, VTE).Ciwon jini na jini ya fi yawa a cikin arteries na jijiyoyin jini, jijiyoyi na cerebral, arteries mesenteric, da arteries na hannu, da dai sauransu. Farawar sau da yawa ba zato ba tsammani, kuma zafi mai tsanani na gida zai iya faruwa, irin su angina pectoris, ciwon ciki, ciwo mai tsanani a gabobi, da dai sauransu. ;yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ischemia nama da hypoxia a cikin sassan samar da jini mai dacewa a cikin sassan jiki mara kyau, tsarin nama da aiki, irin su ciwon zuciya na zuciya, raunin zuciya, bugun jini na cardiogenic, arrhythmia, damuwa na sani da hemiplegia, da dai sauransu;zubar da jini yana haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa, kumburin koda, embolism na splenic da sauran alamomi da alamu masu alaƙa.Zurfin jijiyoyi shine mafi yawan nau'in thrombosis mai zurfi a cikin ƙananan sassan.Ya zama ruwan dare a cikin zurfafan jijiyoyi irin su jijiyar popliteal, vein femoral, vein mesenteric, da portal vein.Abubuwan da ke da hankali sune kumburi na gida da rashin daidaituwa na kauri na ƙananan sassan.Thromboembolism yana nufin raguwar thrombus daga wurin da aka kafa, wani bangare ko gaba daya yana toshe wasu tasoshin jini yayin aiwatar da motsi tare da jini, yana haifar da ischemia, hypoxia, necrosis (thrombosis na arterial) da cunkoso, edema (tsarin pathological na venous thrombosis). .Bayan zurfafawar jijiyar jijiyoyi na ƙananan ƙarshen ya faɗi, zai iya shiga cikin jijiyar huhu tare da zagayawa na jini, kuma alamun bayyanar cututtuka da alamun cututtukan huhu suna bayyana.Saboda haka, rigakafin venous thromboembolism yana da mahimmanci.